Theoretical Reason and Its Degrees in Mullā Ṣadrā’s View

Mullā Ṣadra believes that theoretical reason perceives all universal entities, both theoretical and practical, while practical reason perceives practical particulars, albeit dependent on theoretical reason. The article further outlines Mullā Ṣadrā's concept of four ascending degrees of theoretical reason, moving from potentiality to full actualization. The four degrees are: hylic intellect (or reason), habitual intellect, actual intellect, and acquired intellect. Finally, it discusses the philosopher's differing perspectives on the role of practical reason in human perfection, ultimately suggesting its development is crucial for reaching the highest mystical state of annihilation in God.