Biological Activities of Crude Grape Tendril Extract Against Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Allergy

Objective This study investigates the potential of grape tendril extracts (G.T.) derived from Shine Muscat variety in mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and allergic reactions, focusing on stress granule (SG) dynamics, inflammatory pathways, and mast cell responses. Methods G.T. was extracted using 50% ethanol and assessed for antioxidant activity via ABTS radical scavenging assay. Its anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells by measuring inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) using qRT-PCR and NF-κB pathway components by immunoblotting. SG formation was visualized in AGS cells under arsenite-induced oxidative stress through G3BP1 immunofluorescence staining. Anti-allergic properties were determined through β-hexosaminidase release assay in RBL-2H3 mast cells. Results G.T. demonstrated potent antioxidant activity with 88% radical scavenging at 4 mg/mL. It significantly suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and IκBα phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. Under oxidative stress, G.T. (0.5 mg/mL) reduced both the number of SG-positive cells and SGs per cell in AGS cells. Moreover, G.T. inhibited compound 48/80-induced β-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 cells dose-dependently. Conclusions These findings establish G.T. as a promising natural therapeutic agent with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties. The demonstrated effects on SG formation provide new insights into its cellular protective mechanisms.