Systematic Literature Review of Controversies in the Traditional Uses of Kaempferia Galanga

This systematic literature review critically examines the controversies surrounding the traditional medicinal uses of Kaempferia galanga, a plant widely utilized in Southeast Asia for ailments such as gout, diarrhea, bronchitis, and leprosy. While several studies highlight its pharmacological properties, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, significant debates exist regarding its safety and efficacy. The review analyzes in vivo and in vitro studies, revealing inconsistencies in claims related to its use for conditions like leprosy and tuberculosis, with some reports suggesting potential genotoxic and respiratory toxicities. The findings underscore the need for rigorous experimental validation to resolve these conflicts and provide a clear understanding of the plant's therapeutic applications. This review also identifies key areas for future research to substantiate traditional claims, guiding both practitioners and researchers in the field.