Fetomaternal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Worldwide Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy-related condition that affects the health of millions of women and newborns worldwide.Diagnosing and treating GDM during pregnancy is vital since it has short-and long-term adverse effect on both maternal and fetal well-being.Objective: To assess maternal and fetal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2024 at Sylhet Women's Medical College Hospital, involving 100 women with GDM.Aged 18-45 years were diagnosed with GDM, while used while those with pre-gestational diabetes or other chronic medical conditions during pregnancy were excluded.Results: The mothers in this study had a mean age of 34.16.4years, with the majority (52.0%) in the 31-40-year age group.The mean maternal BMI was 27.22.8kg/m, with 54.0% classified as overweight and 27.0% as obese.Among those with GDM, 78.0% were multigravida, and 65.4% had a history of GDM in previous pregnancies.Besides, 55.0% had a first-degree relative with GDM, and 32.0% had a history of hypertension.A history of delivering a macrosomic child was reported by 58.8%, with prior cesarean section being the most common indication for a previous CS (57.4%).In postpartum, 74.0% of mothers experienced complications, with pre-eclampsia (51.4%) and PIH (47.3%) being the most common.Fetal complications affected 72.0% of mothers, with 41.0% delivering macrosomic newborns and 5.0% underweight.Common fetal complications included hypoglycemia (38.9%), respiratory distress syndrome (34.7%), and hyperbilirubinemia (30.6%), with 44.4% of newborns requiring NICU admission.Conclusion: These findings highlight the significant complications of maternal and fetal associated with GDM and underscore the need for comprehensive prenatal and postnatal care.