Comparison of insulin resistance and lipid profile in clinically significant macular oedema versus non-clinically significant macular oedema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Lifestyle-related disorders, particularly diabetes, pose a significant global health challenge. Diabetic macular oedema, a microvascular complication, highlights the importance of managing insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia for optimal clinical outcomes. Understanding the interplay between these factors is crucial for optimising therapeutic strategies and improving patient care. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare insulin resistance and lipid profiles between patients with clinically significant macular oedema and those with non-clinically significant macular oedema, both diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This research can aid in the earlier identification and classification of macular oedema, enabling more timely and specific interventions. In general, 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and macular oedema were divided into two groups: clinically significant macular oedema and non-clinically significant macular oedema. Comprehensive demographic data, medical histories, and current medication regimens were recorded. Glycaemic control and lipid profiles were assessed, while ophthalmological evaluations included visual acuity measurements and intraocular pressure assessments. Significant differences were observed between the two groups, particularly in diabetes duration, body mass index, blood glucose levels, and lipid profiles. Patients with clinically significant macular oedema had a longer duration of diabetes, a higher body mass index, and elevated blood glucose levels. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher, while high‑density lipoprotein levels were lower in the clinically significant macular oedema group. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between the odds of developing clinically significant macular oedema and diabetes duration, visual acuity, and high-density lipoprotein levels, suggesting their potential as risk factors for this condition