Tuberculosis in a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: A Rare Case and Literature Review

The thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) represents the most frequent congenital anomaly of the midline neck. Although typically associated with benign complications, the occurrence of a tuberculous infection within a TGDC constitutes an exceedingly rare clinical presentation. We report a case of TGDC infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, confirmed through histopathological analysis following surgical excision via the Sistrunk procedure. Antituberculous therapy was initiated in accordance with national treatment guidelines for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This case underscores the importance of considering tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of atypical or persistent midline cervical masses, especially in endemic areas. Definitive diagnosis relies on histopathological confirmation, and optimal management requires a combination of surgical intervention and appropriate medical therapy. Despite its rarity, tuberculosis involving a TGDC should remain a diagnostic consideration in cases of infected neck masses. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment.