Research on the Optimization of the Electrode Structure and Signal Processing Method of the Field Mill Type Electric Field Sensor

Aiming at the issues that the field mill type electric field sensor lacks an accurate and complete mathematical model, and its signal is weak and contains a large amount of harmonic noise, on the basis of establishing the mathematical model of the sensor's induction electrode, the finite element method was adopted to analyze the influence laws of parameters such as the thickness of the shielding electrode and the distance between the induction electrode and the shielding electrode on the sensor sensitivity. On this basis, the above parameters were optimized. A signal processing circuit incorporating a pre-integral transformation circuit, a differential amplification circuit, and a bias circuit was investigated, and a completed mathematical model of the input and output of the field mill type electric field sensor was established. An improved harmonic detection method combining fast Fourier transform and back propagation neural network (FFT-BP) was proposed, the learning rate, momentum factor, and excitation function jointly participated in the adjustment of the network, and the iterative search range of the algorithm was limited by the threshold interval, further improving the accuracy and rapidity of the sensor measurement. Experimental results indicate that within the simulated electric field intensity range of 0-20 kV/m in the laboratory, the measurement resolution of this system can reach 18.7 V/m, and the measurement linearity is more than 99%. The designed system is capable of measuring the atmospheric electric field intensity in real time, providing necessary data support for lightning monitoring and early warning.