Low-carbon planning model for distribution network considering complementary virtual energy storage resources with uncertainties

Under the “dual carbon” goals, virtual energy storage (VES) resources present new opportunities for low-carbon planning in distribution networks. This paper, therefore, proposes a low-carbon planning method for distribution networks that comprehensively considers VES resources, renewable energy, and their uncertainties. First, an integrated planning framework is established that incorporates line type selection, unit configuration, and carbon emission impacts, with modeling of VES resources represented by temperature controllable residential and electric vehicle loads. Second, chance constraints and distributionally robust chance constrained program are employed to address uncertainties from renewable energy and VES, ensuring safe and stable system operation. Finally, analysis and verification on a modified Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 33-node distribution system demonstrate that rational coordinated planning of VES resources can effectively reduce planning costs by 3.1% and carbon emissions by 3.7% while ensuring stable system operation.