Bladder rupture: insights from a case series with a comprehensive literature review

Bladder rupture, though infrequent, is a significant urological emergency with potential life-threatening implications. This report discusses seven cases, including three spontaneous and four traumatic ruptures. The spontaneous ruptures were associated with underlying conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Behçet's disease, as well as risk factors like binge drinking. The traumatic ruptures resulted from blunt force injuries, including motor vehicle collisions and falls. Four cases exhibited intraperitoneal rupture, while three were extraperitoneal. Gross hematuria was consistently noted in traumatic cases, while spontaneous ruptures showed more varied presentations. All patients underwent CT cystography, highlighting its importance for diagnosis. Surgical intervention was successful for all, though one case required reoperation due to recurrence. This study emphasizes the need for timely imaging, tailored management strategies, and vigilance to improve outcomes in bladder rupture cases.