Performance and emission profiles of CI engine with aluminium oxide-reinforced polymer composite in biodiesel blends

Abstract The growing need for cleaner and more efficient fuels has led to extensive research on nanotechnology-based fuel additives. Among these, aluminum oxide nanoparticles have shown significant potential in enhancing biodiesel performance by improving thermal efficiency, combustion characteristics, and emission reduction. This study examines the impact of aluminum oxide as an additive in B10 biodiesel blends, emphasizing its thermophysical properties and combustion behavior. Experimental findings indicate that the B10Al100 blend enhances brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 10% over diesel and 16.5% over B10 at maximum load. Additionally, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases by 14%, demonstrating improved energy utilization. Emission analysis reveals a 10.8% reduction in NOx emissions compared to diesel and 14.5% compared to B10 in the B10Al150 blend. The B10Al100 blend reduces CO emissions by 32.7% over diesel and 29% over B10, alongside significant reductions in hydrocarbon (HC) and CO 2 emissions. These enhancements are attributed to aluminum oxide’s high thermal conductivity and catalytic properties, which improve fuel atomization and combustion efficiency. Further research is required to optimize nanoparticle dispersion, fuel stability, and material compatibility for wider applications in polymer and composite-based fuel systems.