Seven New Series and Four New Species in Sections Subinflati and Trachyspermi of Talaromyces (Trichocomaceae, Eurotiales)

Species of <i>Talaromyces</i> C.R. Benj. are valuable biological resources for human beings as competent producers of enzymes, antibiotics, antifungal agents and biopigments, but a comprehensive taxonomic system at the series level has not been fully provided for this genus. In this study, three new series, <i>Palmarum</i>, <i>Resedani</i> and <i>Subinflati</i>, are proposed in section <i>Subinflati</i>. Section <i>Trachyspermi</i> is also restructured to include five series, in which <i>Diversi</i>, <i>Erythromelles</i>, <i>Miniolutei</i> and <i>Resinarum</i> are newly erected, and <i>Trachyspermi</i> is emended. Additionally, four new species are discovered: <i>T. elephas</i>, <i>T. sinensis</i> and <i>T. xishuangbannaensis</i> isolated from rotten fruit husk in Yunnan Province, China, belonging to the series <i>Erythromelles</i>, <i>Subinflati</i> and <i>Miniolutei</i>, respectively, and <i>T. tianshanicus</i> from soil in Uzbekistan, located in ser. <i>Diversi</i>. Morphological distinctions, including colony characteristics, conidiophore structures, and conidial morphologies, along with phylogenetic analyses based on multi-locus datasets (ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2), confirm their novelty to science. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new species are given. The proposed classification of <i>Talaromyces</i> at the series level provides a refined infrageneric framework and facilitates taxonomic stability and future biodiversity studies.