Advancements in Artificial Intelligence: Breakthroughs, Challenges and the Road Ahead

This paper conducts systematic analysis of advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) from the year 2010 onwards, by performing original quantitative analysis of Epoch AI notable AI models dataset and combining with available literature. With focus on key breakthroughs, evolving trends, industry impacts and future directions, the paper shows important shifts from academia to industry in AI research leadership from the year 2014 when industry started leading in release of notable AI models. Despite abundance of literature about AI and allied fields, there are not many papers or articles which collect the available information in an easy-to-understand format which can be used for quick consumption. This paper explicitly fills this gap by performing a structured examination of available peer-reviewed literature, industry reports, key insights from Stanford AI report and publicly available Epoch AI dataset. The paper focuses on discussion on advancements and growth in the field of AI, changes in trends in global publication of AI research, industry taking major role in the direction of growth of AI, changes in AI research leadership across geographies and emergence of new AI models. The dataset and analysis code used in this paper will be publicly available on GitHub to facilitate transparency and future research in the area. By using rigorous methods and original insights, this paper structures the referenced literature into an easy to read and comprehensive overview, with clear insights which will be useful to researchers and AI experts who wish to understand evolution of the technology landscape to find and anticipate clear trends to guide further research, leverage insights and make informed decisions.