The use of probiotics in industrial fish farming

Aquaculture plays an increasingly important role in increasing the sustainability of global fish production. This sector has been boosted by the emergence of new animal husbandry methods and the development of new technologies. Aquaculture is developing largely due to the increased demand for healthy products. In this regard, research work is being carried out at the state level on the development of aquaculture. Feeding aquatic organisms is one of the most important areas, because it is a major part of production costs. Therefore, the use of feed additives to improve fish health and productivity has become particularly relevant. The use of biosafe feed additives, such as probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics, is becoming increasingly common, as it allows not only to improve growth rates, but also to increase the safety of aquaculture facilities. One of the main achievements in this field is the use of probiotic bacterial strains on specific substrates to colonize and modulate the intestinal microbiota. Feed microbiological additives play a very important role in the immune response of fish, strengthening their health and, consequently, improving their productivity. A promising direction is the use of ready-made feeds with the inclusion of probiotic cultures in fish farming, including by obtaining environmentally friendly products. as pathogenic bacteria, by increasing bactericidal blood elements, in competition for food resources and environmental resources, as well as changes in microbial metabolism. Nevertheless, as before, further research is needed to expand the use of these additives. The diversity in the effectiveness of different probiotics, as well as their effect on different fish species is due to the individual metabolic and physiological characteristics of different strains, as well as the diversity in the morphology and physiology of the digestive system of fish. The relevance of the research is confirmed by the need to find ways to increase the productivity of fish farms of various types, which can be achieved by increasing the digestibility of feed, including through the use of probiotics in fish feed - substances that create conditions for the development and preservation of normal microflora in the intestine. A promising direction for the use of probiotic preparations with high antioxidant properties is their use to reduce the toxic effects of pollutants and metabolites.