Environmental aspects of livestock farming as a factor in food security in Ukraine

Agriculture is a key link in the Ukrainian economy, providing food security and raw materials for the processing industry. At the same time, this industry has a significant impact on the environment. The main negative consequences include pollution of soil, water resources, and atmospheric air due to the intensive use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. In addition, plowing up land and cutting down forests to create new agricultural land leads to the loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecosystems. Greenhouse gas emissions, in particular methane and nitrogen oxides, produced during livestock farming, make a significant contribution to climate change. However, provided that restorative management methods are introduced, modern agricultural technologies and environmentally friendly equipment are used, agriculture can not only reduce the negative impact on the environment but also contribute to its restoration. In particular, the use of organic fertilizers, crop rotation, precision farming, moisture conservation technologies, and energy-saving systems allows maintaining soil fertility, rationally using water resources, and reducing pollution levels. The article considers the issue of ensuring food security in Ukraine through the prism of environmentally responsible activities of livestock enterprises. Modern approaches to the production of livestock products are analyzed, taking into account environmental aspects, such as minimizing pollutant emissions, efficient use of waste, energy efficiency, and the creation of sanitary protection zones. The importance of implementing sustainable development technologies is outlined using the example of the activities of the JV LLC “Nyva Pereyaslavshchyny”, Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi district of Kyiv region, where it carries out its planned activities in all branches of agriculture: livestock (pig breeding) is the main type of activity, crop production, feed production. This enterprise is characterized by a comprehensive approach, greening of the enterprise, and social significance. The purpose of this article is to analyze the environmental activities of JV LLC “Nyva Pereyaslavshchyny” with an emphasis on the implementation of modern technologies and management methods aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of emissions, waste disposal, water use, and modernization of equipment that ensures compliance with environmental standards. The role of the enterprise in supporting the sustainable development of the agricultural sector and ensuring the country's food security is also considered. The conducted environmental analysis of the production activities of JV LLC “Nyva Pereyaslavshchyny” demonstrated a high level of compliance with environmental standards. In particular, it was recorded that the volumes of pollutant emissions into the atmospheric air do not exceed the established maximum permissible concentrations (MPC), which indicates the effective implementation of technologies for reducing harmful emissions. Thus, the transition to sustainable agriculture is not only an economic necessity, but also an important step towards preserving the environment and ensuring the country's food security. The obtained research results can become the basis for improving the production processes of enterprises. In particular, they will contribute to reducing waste generation through the introduction of modern high-tech equipment and innovative processing methods. The implementation of such measures will not only increase production efficiency but also ensure a reduction in the negative impact on the environment, which will comply with the principles of environmental sustainability and resource conservation.