Research on the advantages of growing agricultural industrial crops on experimental plots

The research examines the advantages of selecting the winter rapeseed variety Kuga from the Brassicaceae family (formerly known as Cruciferae). This plant family is named after the genus Brassica, with the older name “Cruciferae” derived from the distinctive cross-like shape of the flower, formed by its four petals. The challenges faced by modern agriculture necessitate the search for effective methods of rapeseed cultivation. These methods should promote innovative solutions aimed at increasing crop yields, enriching plant oil resources for both food and industrial purposes, and providing high-protein feed for livestock. The instability of rapeseed production is confirmed by statistical data: in 2020, the sown area was 996,000 hectares, with a total harvest of 2.352 million tonnes and the yield of 2.36 t/ha. By 2023, these figures had decreased to 449,000 hectares and 1.154 million tonnes, although the yield slightly increased to 2.57 t/ha. Our research was carried out through a review of relevant literature and field studies on winter rapeseed cultivation conducted at Viktoriia – 92 agricultural enterprise. It was established that the seed yield formation and sowing quality of the winter rapeseed hybrid Kuga are significantly influenced by the type of pollination. The results of the conducted research analysis indicate that cross-pollination contributes to a positive trend in increasing the yield of this rapeseed hybrid. In addition to the type of pollination, yield is also affected by weather conditions during the growing seasons and a range of agronomic practices. For example, sowing dates, sowing methods, and seeding rates influence plant density, growth, and development during the autumn period, as well as resistance to diseases and cold tolerance. The morphological characteristics of the Kuga hybrid indicate its high yield potential. Yield showed a strong correlation with traits such as the number of pods per plant. Based on the analyzed results, it is recommended that agricultural enterprises consider cultivating the Kuga hybrid on their lands. Cross-pollination proved to be the most optimal method for achieving high yields of this rapeseed hybrid. The yield of this hybrid on the experimental plots ranged from 2.28 to 3.09 t/ha, while on the control plot it reached 5.3 t/ha. A strong negative correlation was observed between the 1000-seed weight and the number of seeds per pod (r = –0.61).