La participación política de los migrantes organizados y con residenciapermanente en Chile (1994 – 2023)

Objective: To analyze the political participation of immigrants with permanent residency in Chile during the period 1994–2024. Methodology: A qualitative/quantitative approach was used, including semi-structured interviews with historical leaders of the organized migrant movement in Chile. Additionally, statistical data from the Chilean Electoral Service was analyzed to examine migrant voting trends during the period (2012–2024). Results: Chile has one of the most advanced legislations regarding the political participation of migrants; however, fundamental limitations persist. This results in a membership with restricted political rights for foreign immigrants with permanent residency in Chile, within a democracy built, as much as possible, through transnational and subnational collective action, as well as political participation in elections. This process has enabled a break from institutional methodological nationalism, opening the possibility of extending national political mechanisms to post-national and transnationaldimensions, challenging empirical conceptual designs tied to the old notion of polis inmethodological nationalism, and proposing the idea of "Migrápolis", the migrant politicalsubject, and migrant struggles. Conclusions: The emergence of a new model of politicalparticipation based on the concept of restricted political membership was confirmed.