Ciudadanía y migraciones internacionales:

Objective: To characterize the political participation of Peruvians abroad based on the review of official statistical data and empirical studies from 1980 to 2024. Methodology: The study follows a qualitative approach, supported by official statistical data. Results: Electoral participation in the first round of general elections increased until 2016 but significantly declined in 2021, while runoff election participation also saw a slight decrease. Participation in referendums was the lowest. Additionally, absenteeism was high, and voting trends leaned toward conservatism. Conclusions: Non-electoral participation is diverse, with notable engagement in associations, community organizations in various countries, and digital activism, primarily focused on cultural and social activities. Political participation occurs in relation to both the country of origin and the host country, leading to the development of political transnationalism, transnational citizenship, and an emerging transnational digital citizenship.