El uso de composiciones musicales como mecanismo de comunicación del discurso de odio en redes sociales: estudio de una <i>nasheed </i>yihadista

With the rise of social media during the period known as the Arab Spring, a type of sympathiser of the jihadist cause started to emerge, termed prosumer1, who consumes, but also produces extremist audio-visual content, thereby favouring the viralisation of hate speech on social media. A part of this propaganda is made up of jihadist musical compositions from the genre called nasheed, whose musical plasticity seeks to sugarcoat an ideology that defends and promotes violence, while at the same time trying to avoid the online content restrictions put in place by operators, by virtue of its symbolic dimension. The multimodal analysis performed on a piece circulated by the jihadist organisation Jabhat al-Nusrah shows that 65% of the verses are identified as violent and that 55% of them support martyrdom for the faith in the form of immolation, utilising symbolic elements that make it difficult for the algorithm to restrict content.