Impact of Leading Edge Accretion on Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose and <i>TiO</i> ₂ Casson Nanofluid Flow Over an Aligned Flat Plate with Chemical Reaction

Abstract This research has been conducted to find ways to improve the efficiency of cooling systems in electronics, heat exchangers, solar thermal systems, and automotive cooling systems, leading to more effective heating and cooling cycles and energy savings. Titanium oxide ( TiO 2 ) nanoparticles significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the base fluid sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ( CMC ), facilitating efficient heat transfer. However, the fouling or accretion of nanoparticles on surfaces has a significant impact on the heat transfer efficiency of the nanofluid and the lifespan of the systems. This study investigates the unsteady sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and titanium oxide Casson nanofluid flow over an aligned flat plate with accretion, ultimately contributing to the development of more efficient and resilient materials for high-temperature environments. Our findings demonstrate the influence of leading-edge accretion rates on Casson nanofluid flow. Additionally, we provide a performance analysis by comparing the CMC with TiO 2 and Ethylene Glycol (EG) with Copper (Cu) nanofluids under increasing accretion rates. We explored novel territory in the field of fluid dynamics by considering the heat transfer analysis of the unsteady flow of a bi-convective Casson nanofluid ( CMC + TiO 2 ) over an aligned flat plate with leading edge accretion. We took into account limitations such as non-linear velocity, bi-convection, thermophoretic and Brownian diffusion, and chemical reaction.