Estimation of the bee nest temperature regime by improving the hive bottom construction

Maintaining a stable temperature in the nest of honey bees is a key factor that determines their viability, productivity and ability to survive. Modern improvements in hive designs are mostly focused on providing a favorable microclimate inside the nest, which is especially important for regions with changing climatic conditions. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the design features of the hive bottom (blind or mesh) on the temperature regime of bee families during preparation for nomadism, during transportation, and during wintering. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the temperature regime of the bee nest when using a classic blind and improved mesh bottom with additional functional properties in the hive. It was found that hives with a mesh bottom provide better ventilation, help to reduce the temperature in the center of the nest and along its periphery, reduce the risk of overheating in summer and contribute to more efficient thermoregulation during winter. The use of a double mesh bottom ensures proper sanitary and hygienic conditions in the hive, reduces bee anxiety during the non-taking period and during honey pumping. Comparison of temperature indicators in the control (blind bottom) and experimental (mesh bottom) groups of hives showed a statistically significant difference, especially in the central central part of the nest. During the wintering period, hives with a mesh bottom showed a better sanitary condition, the absence of mold and uniform development of brood in the spring. Despite slightly higher feed consumption, bee colonies in the experimental group had higher strength in the spring and better general condition. The results of the study confirm the feasibility of using hives with a mesh bottom to improve bee keeping conditions. Key words: bees, hive, microclimate, temperature, wintering, feed, development.