Costochondral graft outcomes in pediatric temporomandibular joint ankylosis

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology in the pediatric population may affect symmetrical development. Loss of TMJ function is associated with pain and restriction of mouth opening which often leads to difficulties with oral intake. Currently, autogenous grafts are the gold standard for reconstruction of end-stage TMJ pathology and ankylosis, with costochondral grafts (CCGs) being the preferred option in children.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of records of 14 children undergoing CCGs between July 2004 and January 2023.RESULTS: The average improvement in mouth opening was +25 mm. 91.7% (N.=11) reported improvement in mouth opening and 83% (N.=10) reported an improvement in their diet. 41.6% (N.=5) experienced post-operative complications; 58.3% (N.=7) had further surgeries or further planned surgeries following their CCG.CONCLUSIONS: CCGs are an acceptable treatment choice for TMJ replacement in children.