The impact of cyclin D1 on endometrial hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Introduction: Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) is the most common type of endometrial cancer, accounting for approximately 80-90% of all endometrial cancer cases. Endometrial hyperplasia deserves special attention because of its relationship with endometrialcinoma. This study's goal was to use immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of cyclin D1 between hyperplasia without atypia, atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Methods: We evaluated and compared the expression of cyclin D1 in 15 endometrial samples, including 5 cases of hyperplasia without atypia, cases of atypical hyperplasia, and another 5 cases of endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Results: In our study results, cyclin D1 was considerably overexpressed in glands with endometrioid endometrial carcinoma compared to atypical hyperplasia and hyperplasia without atypia. Our investigation demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between diagnostic type and cyclin D1 expression levels (p-value = 0.034). Conclusion: The current work demonstrates that cyclin D1 overexpression may be a useful biomarker for identifying subsets of endometrial lesions that are precancerous and hence amenable to surgical treatment. Cyclin D1 is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and plays a significant role in the development and progression of endometrial carcinoma. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of cyclin D1 regulation and to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting cyclin D1 and its regulatory mechanisms.