PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN PADA PERMASALAHAN TRANSAKSI COD DALAM E-COMMERCE

The majority of e-commerce transactions in Indonesia, approximately 83.11%, utilize the Cash On Delivery (COD) system, where payment is made in cash upon receipt of the goods by the consumer. While COD offers convenience, it also gives rise to various legal issues. Common problems include sellers delivering goods that do not match the advertised specifications and consumers refusing to pay for the items upon delivery. These issues lead to both material and non-material losses, affecting not only consumers but also businesses and couriers. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the legal protections available to consumers in e-commerce transactions, particularly those involving COD. This study employs a normative-juridical approach, utilizing primary legal sources such as the Civil Code, the Consumer Protection Act Number 8 of 1999, the Information and Electronic Transactions Act Number 19 of 2016, and the Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. Secondary sources include books, academic journals, theses, and dissertations. This research highlights the necessity for clearer regulations governing COD transactions, particularly regarding the role of couriers and the mechanisms for dispute resolution, to enhance consumer protection and address the ethical risks associated with COD in the context of e-commerce. Further, it calls for specific legislative reforms within the realm of civil law to better safeguard consumers from unethical practices that may arise from the misuse of the COD system in e-commerce transactions.