THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP

Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. In foreign philosophy, the phenomenon of leadership has been studied and continues to be developed by B. Avolio and B. Bass, J. Antonakis and D. Ubank, C. Argyris, R. Blake and J. Mouton, J. Gardner, R. Greenleaf, B. George, D. McGregor, J. Schuller, F. Fiedler, S. Friedman, and others. Various aspects of leadership issues have also been reflected in the research of domestic scholars, such as I. Hryshchenko, V. Hoshovska and S. Holovashchenko, M. Lohunova and others. The research objective. The study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the leadership phenomenon, its key concepts, and evolution in scientific thought, as well as the systematization of existing approaches to defining leadership, its core characteristics, and its role in management processes. The statement of basic materials. Leadership is a multidimensional phenomenon that combines personal qualities, social interactions, and managerial approaches. Existing leadership theories can be systematized into classical, behavioral, situational, and modern approaches, including transformational and ethical leadership. An important aspect is the philosophical comprehension of leadership as both a personal practice and a scientific discipline with its own methodological principles. A leader not only shapes a vision and guides followers but also plays a key role in decision-making process and organizational development. Effective leadership is based on cognitive approaches, strategic thinking, and flexible adaptation to changing environmental conditions.