Ecological significance, economic importance, and distribution of Pethia fish species in major rivers of the Kolodyne Drainage System, Mizoram, and North Eastern India

The genus Pethia (Family: Cyprinidae) comprises small-bodied freshwater fishes widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia. In Mizoram, a part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, the Kolodyne River system sustains a variety of aquatic species including Pethia conchonius and Pethia expletiforis. This study documents their distribution across seven major rivers: Kolodyne, Tuisi, Sala, Ngengpui, Mat, Tuichang, and Tiau and assesses their ecological roles and economic contributions. Field surveys conducted in 2024 revealed that P. conchonius is ubiquitous across all rivers and categorized as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN. P. expletiforis, however, shows a fragmented distribution and remains Not Evaluated (NE), emphasizing the need for further research. These species are vital components of freshwater ecosystems due to their role in food webs, bioindication, and local fisheries. Additionally, they contribute economically through ornamental fish trade and subsistence fishing. Conserving Pethia species and their habitats is crucial for maintaining biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods.