The Use of Multisensoral Drone Monitoring to Fault's Zones in Areas Affected by Mining Activities

This study explores the use of advanced drone technology with multiple sensors to improve the detection and mapping of fault zones. The goal is to validate a multifaceted approach using LIDAR, multispectral cameras, and thermal imaging, providing a comprehensive analysis of the Earth's surface. LIDAR technology plays a critical role by creating high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital surface models (DSMs). These models offer detailed depictions of terrain topography, crucial for identifying subtle variations associated with fault lines. LIDAR's ability to see through vegetation also aids in delivering a clear terrain representation, irrespective of surface cover. Multispectral cameras capture images across various wavelengths, enabling the analysis of vegetation health through indices like GNDVI, NDVI, MSAVI, and VARI. These indices indicate geological disruptions, such as fault zones, since vegetation health often correlates with underlying anomalies. Thermal imaging adds another dimension by detecting minor temperature fluctuations on the ground's surface. These variations can signal active faults, revealing friction or geothermal activities beneath the surface. To verify the sensor data accuracy, a site visit was conducted, comparing drone findings with actual soil profile samples. This ground-truthing step is vital for confirming that remote sensing data reflects real-world conditions accurately. Overall, the study shows that a multisensorial approach using drones significantly enhances fault zone detection and analysis. This integrated method serves as a potent tool for geological research, aiding in understanding fault dynamics and contributing to natural disaster preparedness.