A DINÂMICA DO APORTE DE FÓSFORO NA QUALIDADE DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS SUPERFICIAIS

The presence of phosphorus (P) in aquatic environments has caused serious damage to water quality and biodiversity. This article aims to synthesize the available scientific knowledge on the origin, transport, transformation and retention processes of phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems, as well as understanding the legislation governing this nutrient. The methodology adopted in this review was based on a framework of scientific articles, books and academic research published in dissertations and theses. The main sources of phosphorus were addressed, including natural and, above all, anthropogenic contributions, such as agricultural runoff, agricultural production waste, domestic and industrial effluents. Monitoring studies of water bodies have proven the impact of phosphorus, producing eutrophied aquatic environments and compromising the multiple uses of water. An in-depth understanding of phosphorus dynamics is essential for developing strategies for monitoring, managing and mitigating diffuse and point source pollution in river basins with significant population density and production activities.