Recent progress on Cu-based MOF electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction

• A review of Cu-based MOF catalysts in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction was presented. • The Cu-based MOF materials were described based on their synthesis forms. • The applications of Cu-based MOF catalysts in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction were systematically categorized and critically examined. • Based on the current state of research, the future prospects of Cu-based MOF catalysts were explored. As global energy shortages and environmental pollution intensify, achieving carbon neutrality has become a pivotal objective in mitigating climate change. In this context, electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) offers a promising pathway for converting CO 2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. However, the CO 2 RR process is inherently non-spontaneous and sluggish, underscoring the critical importance of catalyst design and optimization to enhance both efficiency and selectivity. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention due to their porous structures, high surface areas, and tunable properties. Among these, Cu-based MOFs stand out for their exceptional electrocatalytic activity, abundant active sites, and considerable potential in CO 2 RR. This review first discusses the fundamental principles and reaction mechanisms of CO 2 RR, then explores material design strategies to improve catalytic performance, including the modulation of organic ligands, node distribution, and microenvironments. Special emphasis is placed on recent advancements in Cu-based MOF electrocatalysts. Finally, the review highlights current applications and future challenges, offering insights into the development and practical deployment of Cu-based MOF catalysts for CO 2 reduction.