Ship Recycling in Indonesia: Regulatory Gaps and Environmental Impacts

Purpose: This study investigates the challenges in implementing environmentally sound ship recycling practices in Indonesia. It focuses on evaluating the alignment between national regulations and international standards, particularly the Hong Kong Convention. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: The study applies a qualitative approach through a structured literature review of national and international regulatory frameworks. It assesses existing ship recycling practices in Indonesia and analyses the extent of compliance with safety and environmental provisions. Findings: The analysis reveals substantial regulatory and implementation gaps. Many shipyards fail to meet international requirements, with hazardous methods including beaching and improper waste handling remaining in practice. Inadequate enforcement mechanisms and limited infrastructure further increase the risks posed to workers and the surrounding marine ecosystem. Originality/Value: The research offers a critical perspective on Indonesia’s regulatory shortcomings in ship recycling and emphasises the need for policy reform. The study affirms the relevance of facility modernisation, improved regulatory supervision, and the development of green recycling technologies through collaboration between public and private sectors to support long-term sustainability