Dynamic Plantar Pressure Patterns and Their Role in Optimizing Energy Transfer During the Golf Swing

Background.Transferring energy from the lower extremities to the torso is a crucial mechanism enabling an effective golf swing.However, the optimal plantar pressure distribution that facilitates this energy flow has not been thoroughly investigated.Objectives.This study explored the relationship and predictive potential between peak in-shoe plantar pressures at specific locations and the mechanical energy flow to the torso region during the golf swing.Methods.Thirty amateur golfers, each with a handicap between 0 and 15, participated in this study.This range represents golfers with moderate skill levels, including highly skilled amateurs (closer to 0) and intermediate players (closer to 15).Plantar pressure distribution was recorded with instrumented insoles, and torso energy flow was measured using a 3D motion analysis system and force plate.Stepwise regression analysis identified pressure locations contributing to energy transfer (p<0.05).Results.Peak plantar pressures at the right medial metatarsal (=1.75, t=4.31, p=0.001) and left lateral arch (=1.35,t=2.22,p=0.048) were positively linked to trunk energy transfer, while left great toe pressure (=-20.06,t=-4.51,p=0.001) showed a significant negative correlation.The regression model had an R of 0.80. Conclusion.The findings suggest optimal plantar pressure supports efficient energy transfer, while pressure in unfavorable locations may hinder swing efficiency.