The genus Bergenia (Saxifragaceae): Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological promise

Plants have long been central to traditional medicine, with the Bergenia genus particularly B. stracheyi, B. ligulata, and B. ciliate recognized for its therapeutic value in Indian ethnomedicine. This review explores their ethnomedicinal relevance, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities. Traditionally used to treat kidney stones, respiratory ailments, inflammation and oxidative stress-related disorders, these species from the Saxifragaceae family exhibit diverse bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and antidepressant effects. The review adopts a systematic approach, drawing from databases like PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect (2000-2024), ethnobotanical surveys, pharmacognosy references, and herbarium records. It integrates data on plant distribution, morphological traits, phytochemistry, and experimental pharmacology, offering a comprehensive overview of Bergenia’s medicinal potential. Findings affirm the scientific basis of traditional uses and suggest avenues for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development. However, the review notes a need for more in-depth clinical and in vivo studies to substantiate in vitro findings. It also emphasizes sustainable harvesting and conservation through cultivation to counter overexploitation. Overall, the paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and conservationists aiming to bridge traditional knowledge with modern drug discovery.