Insights into Tsallis–Pareto analysis of transverse momentum spectra in sNN=3 GeV symmetric Au–Au collisions

In this paper, we analyzed the transverse momentum spectra of proton, deuteron, triton, 3 He and 4 He in symmetric Au–Au collisions at the center of mass energy [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]GeV. The transverse momentum spectra of these particles are analyzed in different centrality and rapidity slices by using the Tsallis–Pareto-type function. We extracted the related parameters and reported their behavior with changing centrality, rapidity and particle species. The non-extensive parameter, q, increases from central to peripheral collisions while the effective temperature, T decreases. At the same time, T is larger in lower rapidity regions and decreases toward larger rapidity slices while q has the reverse behavior. T is observed to follow the mass differential scenario where each particle decouples from the system at different temperatures or times. We also extracted the mean transverse momentum and showed a correlation between the effective temperature and mean transverse momentum. The dependence of mean transverse momentum on centrality, rapidity and the particle’s rest mass resembles the effective temperature’s behavior. The observed positive correlation between effective temperature and mean transverse momentum validates that particles exhibiting higher thermalization consistently demonstrate increased [Formula: see text].