How inclusive is disaster risk reduction? Perceptions and predicaments of persons with disabilities during disaster in Assam, India

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are disproportionately affected by disasters. Disability-inclusive disaster risk reduction (DIDRR) focuses on decreasing the vulnerability of PWDs and enhancing their capacities in disaster, yet little is known about how disability is mainstreamed in disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies and practices. Applying Amartya Sen's capability approach, this study investigates if and how PWDs are included in DRR policymaking, implementation, and response activities in Assam, India. Based on policy document analysis and semi-structured interviews, it finds a divide in addressing disability inclusion at different policymaking levels. Furthermore, there is a gap between the existing DRR framework and how (inclusive) DRR is implemented on the ground. Flood management in Assam is not based on institutionalised (DI)DRR measures, but a bottom-up approach based on traditional knowledge. In Assam, PWDs lack resources and conversion factors, absences which are reinforced by missing or inadequate provisions on the part of governmental or non-governmental actors and a fractured DRR policymaking framework.