Edge-enhanced decentralized vehicle authentication protocol for IoV

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) requires secure and efficient authentication. This study proposes a decentralized protocol leveraging edge nodes and consortium blockchain to enhance security while reducing cloud dependency. A mathematical model evaluates performance and scalability, while simulations validate resilience against network failures, attacks, and topology changes. The protocol integrates with IoT infrastructure and considers implementation costs. Results demonstrate improved efficiency, security, and feasibility for large-scale vehicular networks.