The Impact of Project Based Learning on Enhancing Students’ Critical Thinking and Self Efficacy in Classification of Living Things

The educational demands of the 21st century emphasize the importance of equipping learners with essential skills such as critical thinking and self-efficacy. Critical thinking skills (CTS) enable learners to analyze, evaluate and solve problems logically. Self-efficacy reflects learners' belief in their ability to face learning challenges. This study aims to analyze the impact of project-based learning (PjBL) model implementation towards learners' CTS and self-efficacy on the material of classification of living things, and explore the relationship between self-efficacy and CTS. The method used in this research is quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. Data collection was carried out using a CTS test instrument with indicators developed by Ennis, and a self-efficacy questionnaire developed by May. Data analysis used independent sample t-test and pearson product moment with a significant level of α = 0.05. The results of the research on CTS parameters showed a sig value. 0.000 0.05. The results of research on self-efficacy parameters show in the moderate category. The results of research on the relationship between self-efficacy and CTS show a sig value. 0.021 0.05. The data analysis can be concluded that there is an effect of applying the PjBL model on improving students' CTS. Self-efficacy of students in the experimental class after the intervention was in the moderate category. A low and positive relationship exists between self-efficacy and CTS of students