Estado actual y avances en la investigación de Mpox: Impacto de la diversificación genética de los clados I y II

Introduction: Monkeypox, now termed mpox by the World Health Organization, has been a globalconcern since the significant outbreak that began in 2022.Objective: To assess the current stateof the disease, emphasizing the impact of genetic diversification, implemented control measures,and the role of presymptomatic cases and asymptomatic carriers. Methods: A narrative review ofliterature published in the last two years was conducted, using Medical Subject Headings descriptorsin MEDLINE/PubMed and LILACS databases, without language restrictions. Results: New aspects wereidentified regarding its geographical spread and genetic diversification in lineages from clade IIb, as well as the emergence of clade Ib in 2024. New treatment options are described, along with reports of new clinical characteristics and the role of pre- and asymptomatic cases in virus dissemination. Conclusions: The sustained community transmission of clade Ib cases and multiple outbreaks in Africa in 2024 reveal the complex epidemiological state of the virus. Furthermore, the constant reports of cases from clade IIb since the beginning of the outbreak highlight the need for more extensive studies actively searching for asymptomatic carriers and natural reservoirs of the disease, in order to better understand its epidemiology and control its spread