On the issue of hygienic regulation of residual quantities of antibacterial drugs for veterinary use in food products (systematic review)

The widespread use of antibacterial veterinary drugs in agriculture and animal husbandry leads to the accumulation of their residues in food products. Hygienic rationing of veterinary drug residues according to the criteria of acceptable health risk is a key aspect of food safety. Antibacterial drugs have an adverse toxic effect, cause disturbances in the gut microbiota, and contribute to the formation of antibiotic resistance. A systematic review of the criteria used to establish acceptable daily intakes (ADI) of veterinary drugs as the basis for the development of maximum permissible levels of their content in food – is relevant. Objective of the study is the analysis of existing methodological approaches and criteria for justification of hygienic standards of residues of antibacterial veterinary drugs in food products. A systematic review of literature sources (PRISMA) was carried out to evaluate approaches to the establishment of ADI, considering toxicological and microbiological aspects, as well as the formation of resistant strains of microorganisms. Criteria for establishing ADI have been developed for the adverse effects of veterinary drugs related to toxic effects and suppression of gut microflora. These criteria consist of establishing non-action levels on the macroorganism (NOAEL, BMD) and minimum inhibitory concentrations for microorganisms. Analysis of the recommended developed ADIs revealed many veterinary medicinal products ADIs to have been developed taking into account the limiting criterion. However, due to the lack of a methodological approach, the risk of antibiotic resistance formation was not taken into account in the development of ADIs. Conclusion. to establish ADI and further hygienic standardization, it is necessary to investigate all aspects of the advers effects of veterinary drugs with the establishment of starting points. It is advisable to justify the standard on the basis of the limiting indicator of harmfulness (expressed as the minimum value of the ADI of all criteria).