Prevention of falls in older adults: analysis of effective interventions

Background: Accidental falls in older adults represent a phenomenon of recurrence and considerable severity since they affect the loss of independence and reduce the person's mobility capabilities, which contributes to premature admission of older adults to nursing homes in the short or long term. long term. It is imperative to study the effective prevention of these events to improve the quality of life of this population. The objective is to analyze effective interventions to prevent accidental falls and their physical consequences to improve the quality of life of older adults and sociodemographically identify samples of collected studies, determine influential risk factors in accidental falls, characterize types of preventive interventions and specify effectiveness. of these interventions. Material and methods: The methodology applied was a systematic review of the bibliography, retrospective, prospective and qualitative, carried out using a data registration form obtained from academic articles published from 2019 to 2024 according to inclusion criteria. The material used was 11 studies or systematic reviews related to the stated inclusion criteria. Results: The influencing risk factors are internal, such as cognitive and neuronal conditions mostly, which affects both men and women over 60 years of age. The most effective preventive interventions are multicomponent ones (exercise+cognitive therapy+professional education+technology) and comprehensive physical exercise, with a high level of fall reduction and noticeable physical improvement in the individual. Other interventions generate relative effects conditioned by time of application, age or preferences of the older adult. Conclusion: The effectiveness of preventive interventions for falls in older adults in association with the risk factors that influence these accidents should be further explored.