Lipidomics analysis of lipid composition and differences across different tissues in golden pomfret (Trachinotus ovatus): Exploring the potential of utilizing aquatic by-products in processing

Golden pomfret is a rich source of lipids; however, its by-products remain underutilized. This study investigated crude fat volatiles and lipid differences in the head, abdomen, and viscera using lipidomics. The results showed that lipid oxidation was highest in the viscera, with hydroxyl and alkoxyl radicals increasing by 18.17% and 9.87%, respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and odor activity value (OAV) analysis revealed that nonanal, dodecane, 3-phenyl-2-propenal, cinnamyl acetate, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutylamine, benzeneacetaldehyde, and nine volatile compounds showed OAVs > 1. Lipidomics analysis and enrichment analysis revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism is the primary pathway for crude fat in golden pomfret. This study systematically revealed the composition, oxidative properties, and flavor contribution of lipids from different parts of golden pomfret, providing a basis for the high-value use of pomfret by-products and supporting sustainable development in aquatic product processing. • Golden pomfret's lipids show distinct composition and oxidation across parts. • The viscera exhibited the highest lipid oxidation and increased radical formation. • GC–MS and OAV analysis identified key volatile compounds (OAV > 1). • Glycerophospholipid metabolism was identified as the main metabolic pathway. • Study sustainable use of golden pomfret by-products in aquatic product processing.