Integrating Climate Change Education: Opportunities, Challenges, And Innovative Approaches

Climate change is a global challenge that requires collective action, including through education. This study aims to explore the opportunities, challenges, principles, and approaches in climate change education through a systematic analysis of 10 scientific articles published in the last five years in Scopus-indexed journals. The findings indicate that the main opportunities for climate change education include student engagement as agents of change, the strategic role of teachers, supportive learning environments, curriculum integration, science education, and supportive government policies. However, significant challenges remain, such as improving teacher competency, material complexity, limited curriculum tools, collaboration between stakeholders, and gaps between student knowledge and skills. In addition, six main principles of climate change education implementation were found, including improving teacher competency, curriculum adjustment, cross-sector collaboration, student environmental awareness, providing knowledge related to climate change, and connecting learning with contextual issues. Student-based learning approaches, such as inquiry-based learning, problem-based learning, and project-based learning, have proven effective in delivering complex and contextual materials. This study provides contextual and applicable recommendations for education stakeholders in Indonesia, taking into account the unique social, cultural, and educational policy characteristics of Indonesia.