Optimizing jojoba oil methanolysis of <i>cis</i> ‐13‐docosenol fatty alcohol to unveil its immunomodulatory potential: a circular biorefinery perspective

Abstract The sustainable production of jojoba oil derivatives depends on research and development focused on eco‐friendly valorization processes. This study establishes optimal conditions for converting jojoba oil into jojobyl alcohols, which is a key step in realizing its economic potential. One of the main products, cis ‐13‐docosenol (C13D), was investigated for its activity in the context of innate immune cells. The interactions between C13D and key components of the innate immune system – including monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) – were examined to determine its immunomodulatory properties. Experiments using THP‐1 cells and DCs showed that low doses of C13D stimulated production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐ α (TNF‐ α ), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1 β (IL‐1 β ) at levels similar to those induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treatment of monocyte‐derived DCs (MoDCs) with C13D also enhanced T‐cell proliferation, probably due to increased activation of surface markers. This focused investigation of the effects of C13D on innate immune cells contributes to a broader understanding of the therapeutic potential of jojoba oil and provides a basis for future research in immunology and biotechnology.