INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

In the modern world, combined (hybrid) power supply systems that integrate renewable and traditional energy sources are being widely used. This paper examines the typical structural scheme of a combined power supply system. The study explores the design and operational principles of three types of structural and schematic solutions for such systems, highlighting their key advantages and limitations. The selection and calculation of the main functional elements of the combined system are analyzed. The main characteristics of solar panels are presented, as well as analytical expressions for the calculation of their main parameters. The characteristics of accumulator batteries for autonomous systems and methods of calculating their capacity are discussed. Hybrid power supply systems are divided into three types: autonomous wind-solar power plants, grid-connected wind-solar power plants, and backup power supply systems. Each type serves a specific purpose, including providing power to remote consumers, providing uninterrupted power during grid outages, reducing electricity costs, and supplementing limited grid capacity. Wind and solar energy systems effectively complement each other to ensure stable energy supply. An important component of any hybrid system is the inverter, which converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). Usually, the inverter and charge controller are integrated into one unit. The configuration of the hybrid system is mainly determined by the energy quality and reliability requirements of the consumer. Reliable and maintenance-free systems require larger financial investments. In conclusion, the analysis of combined power supply systems and their structural solutions presented in this article contributes to increasing the efficiency of designing and implementing hybrid systems. Keywords: Energy supply, sources of energy, combined system, energy systems, power stations, hybrid system.