Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Pimenta dioica (Linn.) Plant

Throughout history, humans have relied on plants and natural products for food and medicine to treat and prevent illnesses. Today, more than 80% of the global population still depends on traditional and plant-based medicines. Plants are essential sources of medicinal compounds, and currently, approximately 25% of pharmaceutical prescriptions in the United States include at least one plant-derived ingredient. Pimenta dioica (Linn.) [(L)Merr]., which contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols, has been used to treat diseases due to its various pharmacological properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive scientific assessment of the key phytochemicals in Pimenta dioica (Linn.) [(L)Merr]. and their pharmacological effects, highlighting their potential for developing new ethnomedicines in the future.