Influence of Heat and Mass Generation on MHD Natural Convection Flow in a Vertical Concentric Annulus with Applied and Induced Magnetic Fields

Conventional studies primarily focus on uniform or linear heat sources while often neglecting the effects of the induced magnetic field, leading to incomplete thermal and fluid flow characterizations.This study investigates the influence of inverse-square heat and mass generation on fully developed natural convection flow of an electrically conducting and viscous incompressible fluid, incorporating both applied and induced radial magnetic fields to provide a comprehensive understanding of their interplay.The governing equations of fluid motion, heat transfer, and induced magnetic fields are formulated in a nondimensional form and analytically solved for velocity, temperature, concentration, magnetic field, and induced current density distributions alongside the numerical values of mass flux, induced current flux, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are presented in tabular form.The findings reveal that increasing the Hartmann number (Ha) suppresses velocity due to Lorentz force effects and resistive dissipation, while heat generation enhances fluid motion and alters temperature distribution.Larger annular spacing improves heat transfer efficiency, and variations in the chemical reaction parameter significantly affect concentration profiles.Additionally, induced current density fluctuations play a crucial role in electromagnetic control mechanisms.This study extends existing research by integrating applied and induced magnetic fields with a non-uniform heat and mass generation model, offering novel insights for optimizing MHD-based thermal management systems.The results provide a foundation for enhancing energy transport efficiency in nuclear reactors, geothermal energy systems, and high-performance electromagnetic applications.