Calibration and Validation of Integrated Sensors System with A Low-Cost Data Acquisition System for Measuring Soil Compaction and Electrical Conductivity of Soil in Central Plane Zone of Punjab

In the present study, an experimental analysis was carried out to find the calibration curves for the S-type load cell used for measuring soil compaction and electrical conductivity measuring sensor based on the Wenner Array method and integrate the sensor's calibrated output corresponding to different depth intervals by using ultrasonic depth sensor after its calibration.The data acquisition system was designed with the help of an Arduino Uno Microcontroller based on ATmega 328P which was equipped with high-performance AVR technology.monochrome graphic flat panel A data The display Module with 4 Pin was used for displaying the sensor's output data in real-time.logger was used for recording and saving the pre-calibrated data from all the integrated sensors in Excel format for accurate calibration of all the integrated sensors.The developed dual soil sensor was validated in the field in three types of tillage treatments in sandy loam soil.The accuracy of the developed dual soil sensor measuring soil compaction and soil electrical conductivity was 95.4 and 73.42 %, respectively.