Effect of blood flow restriction training combined with resistance training in alleviating symptoms of early knee osteoarthritis: A single case report

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative joint disease, especially in older adults, marked by stiffness, pain reduced mobility and functional limitations. While resistance training is a standard conservative management approach, high load exercises may aggravate joint symptoms. Blood flow restriction (BFR) Training allows for low load exercises that can induce muscular adaptations compared to traditional strength training. This case report investigates the effect of combining BFR with resistance training in managing early knee OA symptoms1. Aim:To assess the effect of blood flow restriction training combined with low-load resistance training in reducing pain, improving range of motion, muscle strength, and functional mobility in a patient with early-stage knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: A 52-year-old female with early-stage right knee osteoarthritis (Grade 2, Kellgren-Lawrence classification) was enrolled. She received BFRT (15 min/session) with 132 mmHg pressure and low-load resistance training (2 kg, 40% 1RM) for 3 sessions/week over 4 weeks. Outcomes assessed at baseline, 2nd week, and 4th week included pain (NRS), function (WOMAC), quadriceps strength (MMT), and range of motion (goniometry). A home exercise program was also prescribed. Results: Pain (NRS): Decreased from 7/10 (activity) and 6/10 (rest) at baseline to 3/10 and 2/10, respectively, at week 4. WOMAC Total Score: Improved from 73/90 at baseline to 35/90 at week 4. MMT (Quadriceps): Improved from Grade 3+ to Grade 5. ROM: Flexion improved from 100° to 130°; extension lag reduced from 10° to 0°. Conclusion: Combining BFRT with resistance training significantly reduced pain, improved functional mobility, muscle strength, and joint range in a patient with early knee OA. It offers a safe, effective alternative to high-load training and can be considered a valuable early intervention strategy. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to confirm these findings.