INTERNAL SECURITY DIMENSIONS OF THE EU: RADICALIZATION AND TERRORISM

Objective. The оbjective is to analyze the features of radicalization and terrorism development in the EU in 2020-2023 as threats to economic security, as well as to identify and assess the main directions of counter-terrorism measures and measures aimed at reducing the level of radicalization in the EU. Methods. The study employed the following research methods and approaches: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (for substantiating the influence of terrorism and radicalization on economic security, and the underlying mechanisms of such influence); generalization and systematization (for identifying the current state and evolutionary features of counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures in the EU during 2020-2023); time series analysis (to determine the trends characteristic of terrorism and radicalization in the EU from 2020 to 2023); and tabular method (for visually presenting the dynamics of the terrorist threat, radicalization in the EU, and their structural peculiarities). Results. It has been substantiated that despite global economic losses from terrorism and radicalization averaging only 0.085% of total global economic losses from violence in 2020-2023, the impact of terrorism and radicalization extends far beyond direct economic losses. It determines significant threats and risks to global and national security through its influence on supply chains; infrastructure; trade volumes; the attractiveness of countries as tourist destinations and investment objects; trust within communities and national political institutions; and people's quality of life, happiness, health, etc. It has been established that in 2020-2023, the EU experienced a complex and dynamic picture of the terrorist threat, along with an evolution in the response of law enforcement agencies. Thus, in 2020-2023, the EU witnessed: 1) an escalation of terrorist activity with significant structural changes; 2) inertia in the priorities of law enforcement agencies, despite changes in the threat landscape; 3) geographical asymmetry of the terrorist threat and the need for adapted strategies; 4) high effectiveness of judicial systems in handling terrorism-related cases; 5) overall effectiveness of multifaceted and institutionalized counter-terrorism and deradicalization measures in the EU. It has been determined that further EU efforts in combating terrorism and radicalization should focus not only on "traditional" transnational threats but also on effectively responding to the rise of endogenous extremism. This requires strengthening preventive measures, improving information exchange mechanisms, adapting law enforcement priorities to the changing nature of threats, and continuously monitoring the economic consequences of terrorism