Profile of ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle implementation in the intensive care unit Dr. Soetomo general academic hospital surabaya in period of January-February 2025

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common cause of Health care Associated Infection (HAIs) cases in the United States. It is responsible for 25% of infection cases in Intensive Care Units. One way to prevent VAP is by doing a VAP bundle. most common infection in mechanical ventilated patient. Patients with mechanically ventilated ETT or tracheostomy are at risk for mucociliary movement and mucus secretion changes due to micro-aspiration around the cuff and tracheal tissue reaction to foreign bodies. In addition, installing ETT will inhibit the cough and gag reflex, which are the respiratory system's defenses from pathogenic microorganisms. VAP bundles as evidence-based interventions defined are grouped to encourage consistency of this practice in the ICU because if it is consistent in carrying out this bundle intervention, it can reduce VAP rates. In Indonesia, the VAP prevention and control bundle implementation is listed in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Number 27 of 2017, concerning Guidelines for Infection Prevention and Control.