Non-ossifying fibroma: a case report and comprehensive review of clinical presentation, management strategies, and prognostic outcomes

Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF), a benign bone lesion common in children's long bones, rarely involves the occipital skull. A 4-year-old boy presented with painless occipital swelling. Examination revealed a firm, non-tender mass with no deficits. Imaging showed a well-defined lesion suggesting dermoid cyst. Histopathology confirmed NOF with storiform fibroblasts and osteoclast-like giant cells. Unlike spontaneously resolving long bone NOFs, cranial lesions require excision for diagnosis and cosmesis. Histopathology excludes aggressive pathologies. Advanced imaging and multidisciplinary care optimize outcomes. Long-term monitoring is recommended. Surgical excision achieved cure without recurrence. This case underscores NOF in pediatric skull lesions, advocating tailored care and research.