Concentrations and Bioconcentration Factors of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Heteroclarias juveniles exposed to Dye Effluents Mixed with Orange Peel

The ability of metals in dye effluents to persist in the water bodies and in tissues could induce oxidative stress in fish. This paper therefore, investigate the concentrations and bio-concentration factors of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cr) in tissues of Heteroclarias juveniles exposed to dye effluents fed orange peel (0. 5 and 10%) using appropriate standard methods. Highest concentrations of the heavy metals were recorded in tissues of fish exposed to dye effluent fed 0% orange peel, while decrease in the concentration of the metals were shown in group of fish exposed to dye effluent fed on 5% orange peel. The most highly (P < 0.05) concentrated metal is Fe (16.986 ± 0.023) in the liver, while the least (P < 0.05) concentrated metal is Cr (0.128 ± 0.002) in the blood of dye-effluent-exposed fish fed 0%. However, all the concentrated metals in the tissues were all above the maximum permissible limits of World Health Organization standard, except in the blood and muscle with 0.128 of Cr and 0.272 of Pb. Dye-effluent-exposed fish showed highest bio concentration factors of 16.986, 12.102, 10.810, 9.798, 8.700 in liver, blood, gill, kidney and GIT respectively and 9.001 in muscle. This indicates that, metals in dye effluent bio concentrated in tissues of Heteroclarias, but 5% orange peel neutralized the metals. Dye effluent should therefore, be treated before discharged into water bodies.